VISION/MISSION: Dashain/Tihar Assignments

source: http://www.visionapexcollege.blogspot.com
1. DAAM

List of students who have to solve Latest 3 Years Questions of DAAM:

Anil Kumar Yadubansi
Anjila Sharma
Anshu Adhikari
Anup Man Shrestha
Anup Shakya
Arjun Shrestha
Ashma Khanal
Asmit Bikram Pant
Bibush Shakya
Biraja Gautam
Bishu Lama
Chandra P. Poudel
Dilip Thapa
Gaurav Jung Shah
Jagriti Bohara
Kalden Phuntsok Lama
Kaushal Saria
Kritika Acharya
Kshitiz Ghimire
Kshitiz Pudasaini
Manish Raj Shakya
Manish Sijapati
Mrinal Kumar Neogy
Mukesh Kumar Baitha
Murari Kumar Rauniyar
Neelmony Lama
Nikita Tekriwal
Niraj Bhatta
Nisha Dahal
Nitesh Parwat
Pawan Gurung
Prabesh Karki
Pravek Joshi
Pravesh Dhungana
Rakhi Hangma Limbu
Rojeena Bariya
Rosy Manandhar
Sandipa katuwal
Sanjiv Poudyal
Sanju Dhakal
Satish Koirala
Saugat Guragain
Saurav Singh K.C
Shikha Adhikari
Shrija Tripathi
Shrijan Tuladhar
Shrity Shrestha
Subash Khanal
Sunil Kumar Giri
Surendra Raj Shahi
Sushant Bhandari

2. FUNDAMENTALS OF LOGIC

List of students who have to solve PU Question of 2oo6(spring), 2007 of LOGIC:

Anil Kumar Yadubansi
Anshu Adhikari
Anup Shakya
Ashma Khanal
Asmit Bikram Pant
Bibush Shakya
Chandra P. Poudel
Deepace Shakya
Dilip Thapa
Jagriti Bohara
Kalden Phuntsok Lama
Kaushal Saria
Kiran Shrestha
Kritika Acharya
Kshitiz Ghimire
Kshitiz Pudasaini
Manish Raj Shakya
Manish Sijapati
Mukesh Kumar Baitha
Murari Kumar Rauniyar
Niraj Bhatta
Nisha Dahal
Nitesh Parwat
Pawan Gurung
Prabesh Karki
Rakhi Hangma Limbu
Sanjiv Poudyal
Satish Koirala
Saugat Guragain
Saurav Singh K.C
Shashi Kant Mandal
Shrijan Tuladhar
Subash Khanal
Sunil Kumar Giri
Surendra Raj Shahi
Sushant Bhandari

3. RESEARCH

List of students who have to solve Latest 3 Years Questions of Research:

Anil Kumar Yadubansi
Anshu Adhikari
Anup Shakya
Bibush Shakya
Dilip Thapa
Jagriti Bohara
Kalden Phuntsok Lama
Kaushal Saria
Kiran Shrestha
Kshitiz Ghimire
Manish Raj Shakya
Manish Sijapati
Mrinal Kumar Neogy
Murari Kumar Rauniyar
Neelmony Lama
Nikita Tekriwal
Nisha Dahal
Pawan Gurung
Prabesh Karki
Rakhi Hangma Limbu
Sandipa katuwal
Sanjiv Poudyal
Satish Koirala
Saugat Guragain
Saurav Singh K.C
Shrijan Tuladhar
Subash Khanal
Sunil Kumar Giri
Surendra Raj Shahi
Sushant Bhandari

4. FINANCE

All students have to solve the latest five Question sets of PU

Remarks:
- Those Students who are absent in both exams no need to solve the questions.
- NQ is not declared yet.

Psychology Slides !

source: http://www.visionapexcollege.blogspot.com

1. Introduction to Psychology
2. Learning 
           a. All
           b. Gestalt Learning
           c. Operant/Skinner Learning
3. Personality
4. Emotion
5. Attention
6. Intelligence
7. Nervous System

To download:
click on required link above >> click on 'actions' button at the bottom of the slides >> click on 'download as PPT' >> save

Psychology: Intelligence

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HUMAN INTELLIGENCE

Course

Nature and definition of intelligence. Types of intelligence (Spearman’s ‘g’ and ‘s’ abilities, Verbal/non-verbal abilities). Determination of intelligence (The role of heredity and environment). Measurement of intelligence (Concept of IQ, Binet and Wechsler’s test).

Question:   Describe the Concept and Nature of Intelligence.

People differ in countless ways – from purely biological term to other countless terms. Psychologists have focused on relatively small number of key dimensions and intelligence and personality are some of them. Intelligence is one of the very important aspects of individual distinctness. In the past, psychologists disagreed over whether intelligence was unitary or multifaceted in nature; today, most believe that intelligence involves both a general capacity to solve many types of problems and several specific abilities.

The term intelligence is closely related to intellect and intellect is a comprehensive term for observing, understanding, thinking, remembering and all ways of getting information. It is helpful in solving problem and reaching a goal. In other words, intelligence means intellect put to use. Today, the concept of intelligence is more pragmatic, much broader, and concerned with learning and adaptive human behavior. It is not a material fact but an abstract construct and has been defined in a number of ways.

Question:  Define Intelligence or Explain the Different Definitions of Intelligence.

Intelligence has become the prime focus of study in psychology both theoretically and practically. Intelligence is one of the most talked about subjects within psychology but there is no standard definition

Psychology: Personality

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Personality


Concept and Definition of Personality

The term 'personality' is derived from the Latin word ‘Persona’ that means a theatrical mask used by actors in Greek drama. This literal term is very similar with lay people's concept of personality. The term is more concerned with the physical and social attractiveness. The reality is that personality is biological and social byproduct. It does not only mean physical feature, appearance or attractiveness. It is rather an interaction of physical and psychological characteristics, inner and outer-self. It refers to the totality of a man.

Definition of Personality

There is not a single acceptable definition of personality. There is division among the psychologists about the definition of personality. The disagreement among

Psychology: Attention

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Attention

Topics mentioned in the BBA course

a.       Meaning and factors of attention

b.      Types of attention

c.       Attention span

d.      Fluctuation and division of attention

e.       Distraction

Definition

 Attention is a selective mental process through which the individual brings the selcted stimulus in his/her focus of consciousness.

Ordinarily we speak of giving attention to objects, of concentrating attention some object or shifting attention from one object to another. This may give the impression that attention is some faculty or power that we can use at will. But it is better to speak of attending, the act, process or function of attending rather than any power.

Psychology studies mental processes and activities but it is difficult to do this without attending to them. Attending to an object is to bring that object to consciousness. To perceive an object is to bring that object to consciousness. To perceive an object, to think about it, to solve some problem about it, to remember it and the like is not possible without attending to it. By attending to any thing we bring it within the realm of consciousness. Attention is the heart of the conscious process and is basic to all mental activity and behavior. Attention in a way precedes all mental activity.

The field of attention is narrower than the filed of consciousness or awareness. It is concentrated awareness of a selected aspect of our environment. We are said to be attending to an object when our sense-activity is focused on any particular stimulus. Such stimuli standout more prominently from the rest of the environment and are more clearly perceived.

Attention is not always fixed. Shifting is the nature of attention. Attention is always fluctuating and shifting, our interest and needs are changing and they affect the process of attending, and then some outside objects by their force and intensity compel attention.

Attention is not just looking on. It is an active process, involving give-and-take with the environment. When we attend to anything we are inclined to do something about it be it simply to keep it before our mind or to remove it from consciousness.

Attention is a process of adjustment. By attending the individual adjust himself inner needs or to outer stimuli.

Importance of attention

 It is often of great importance to the individual whether

Psychology: Schedule of reinforcement (Learning)

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Simple schedules

Simple schedules have a single rule to determine when a single type of reinforcer is delivered for specific response.

• Fixed ratio (FR) schedules deliver reinforcement after every nth response
• Example: FR2 = every second response is reinforced
• Lab example: FR5 = rat reinforced with food after each 5 bar-presses in a Skinner box.
• Real-world example: FR10 = Used car dealer gets a $1000 bonus for each 10 cars sold on the lot.
• Fixed interval (FI) schedules deliver reinforcement for the first response after a fixed length of time since the last reinforcement, while premature responses are not reinforced.
• Example: FI1" = reinforcement provided for the first response after 1 second
• Lab example: FI15" = rat is reinforced for the first bar press after 15 seconds passes since the last reinforcement
• Real world example: FI24 hour = calling a radio station is reinforced with a chance to win a prize, but the person can only sign up once per day
• Variable ratio (VR) schedules deliver reinforcement after a random number of responses (based upon a predetermined average)
• Example: VR3 = on average, every third response is reinforced
• Lab example: VR10 = on average, a rat is reinforced for each 10 bar presses
• Real world example: VR37/VR38 = a roulette player betting on specific numbers will win on average once every 37 or 38 tries, depending on whether the wheel has a 00 slot.
• Variable interval (VI) schedules deliver reinforcement for the first response after a random average length of time passes since the last reinforcement
• Example: VI3" = reinforcement is provided for the first response after an average of 3 seconds since the last reinforcement.
• Lab example: VI10" = a rat is reinforced for the first bar press after an average of 10 seconds passes since the last reinforcement
• Real world example: a predator can expect to come across a prey on a variable interval schedule.

A chart demonstrating the different response rate of the four simple schedules of reinforcement, each hatch mark designates a reinforcer being given

Research: Types of Report !

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Types of Report


The research report used for the business situation is of various types. These reports could be classified as follows:

• Formal-informal

• Written-oral

• Internal-external

• Short-long

• Informational-analytical, and

• Technical-popular

All of these reports have their own formats and styles of reporting.

Basically, the research report has been classified into two groups for the purpose of thesis writing.

1. Descriptive Report:

Descriptive reports can be defined as a description of facts, opinions gathered by the researcher during field work. This collected information should be presented in an organized manner so that it could be able to attract the readers' attention. These reports indicate the nature of the problems an organization is facing and its ways of solving the problems simultaneously.

2. Analytical Report:

This report goes one step ahead of the descriptive report. It does not only describe the problem under investigation, present the facts, figures and factual information about the situations but it also reports the process of scientific investigation and reporting. This report also recommends the possible techniques for the improvements min the situations.

Formats/ Layout of the Thesis report

There is no magic formula that can be given to ensure the desired research report. However, a format or structure is presented I in order to help organize the students in organizing the materials and reporting the research findings.

The reason behind a particular report format is that there are high chances of rejecting your thesis in the case of not meeting the standard format of thesis report.

A thesis report mainly consists of three divisions: prefatory, body and supplementary.

1. Prefatory material:

• Title of the report

• Approval sheet

• Acknowledgements

• Executives summary

• Tables of contents

• Lists of tables and figures

2. Body of the report

• Introduction

• Review of literature

• Methodology

• Presentation and analysis of data

• Summary and conclusion

3. Supplementary material

• References

• Appendices

Research: Methods of collecting Primary data !

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Methods of collecting primary Data

Primary data are those data which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happens to be original in character. Basically the primary source of collecting data can be broadly categorized into three forms: mail questionnaires, interviews and observations.

Questionnaire

A questionnaire is a formal lists of questions designed to gather responses from the respondents on a given topic. Thus, a well designed questionnaire is an efficient data collecting mechanism when the researcher knows exactly what is required and how to measure the variables of interest. A questionnaire translates the research objective into specific questions. The answers to these questions provide the relevant data for the hypotheses testing.

Types of Questionnaires:

Questionnaires can be classified into two categories:

1. Self-administered Questionnaires:

• Online questionnaire

• Mail(postal) questionnaire

• Delivery and collection questionnaire

2. Interviewer A administration

• Telephone questionnaire

• Interview schedules


Components of Questionnaire

Basically the components of questionnaire have been categorized into three forms: explanation information, basic information and classification information. This information normally appears in the order lists.

1. Explanation Information:

The researcher provides the information to respondent explaining the purposes of the study. This information is normally given at the beginning of the questionnaires as instructions to respondents along with the polite request in order to help providing the needy and relevant information. It explains the purposes of the study, makes an appeal for responses, and provides information for completing the questionnaires properly. The explanation information should contain the researcher introduction, his/her position, occupation and the institution whereby he/she belongs from.

2. Basic Information:

The basic information is that part of information which is required to solve the problems under investigation. It helps researcher to arrive at the final conclusion through the questionnaires collected from the respondents. This part of questionnaires covers all the necessary information or subjects under investigation.

3. Classification of Information:

Classification information is closely related with the personal information of the researcher. Basically the demographic information should not be incorporated at the beginning of the questionnaires so as to avoid the tediousness to the respondents. Most of the commonly gathered information include:
(a) age, (b) gender, (c) education, (d) marital status, (e) family income,  (f) Occupation and so on


Interviews

Types of Research Interviews

Basically there are two types of research interview:

1. One-to-one interview:

• Face-to-face interviews

• Telephone interviews

2. One- to- many interviews

• Focus group interviews

Psychology Audio: Modern Psychology in Historical Context !

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To listen/download Audio note on 'Modern Psychology in Historical Context' given by Mr. Shishir Subba, CLICK HERE !